David Pham Tran Essays (824 words) - Bacteriology, Rooms, Bacteria

David Pham Tran Essays (824 words) - Bacteriology, Rooms, Bacteria David Pham Tran Biology 10H Block 1 DRAFT OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS RESULTS The purpose of this experiment was to test the colony counts of bacteria after growing them in the same amount of time. The independent variables of this project were the different locations in school that bacteria were being collected from. The locations were the doorknob at the staircase, the doorknob in the biology room, the bathroom sink, the bathroom toilet, the cafeteria table, the cafeteria railing, the water fountain, the locker combination, the floor of the biology room, and the hallway floor. The dependent variable was the number of colonies that grew from the bacteria. The control group is was the cafeteria table since it was constantly wiped. Quantitative data was used in this experiment and the level of data was ordinal. The ANOVA test was used to do the statistical analysis of the data. The means for the bacteria colonies of each location were respectively as follows: 32.6 for the staircase doorknob, 32.2 for the biology room doorknob, 44.2 for the bathroom sink, 32.2 f or the bathroom toilet, 28 for the cafeteria table, 15 for the railing in the cafeteria, 30.6 for the water fountain, 21.8 for the locker combination, 24 for the biology room floor, 15.8 for the hallway floor. The null hypothesis was if the different locations in school have no effect on the colony counts of the bacteria, then the averages of colonies will be slightly the same. The p-value of this experiment was 0.05, approximately 0.033. Due to the p-value the null hypothesis was rejected. The alternative hypothesis was if bacteria are collected from different locations in school, then the colony counts of bacteria will be the same. The results of this experiment did not support the alternative hypothesis. As shown below in Table 1: The Counts Of Colony Depend On The Locations In School, the standard variations were the following: 7.89 for the staircase doorknob, 11.5 for the biology room doorknob, 26.8 for the bathroom sink, 10.0 for the cafeteria table, 12.2 for the bathroom toil et, 8.63 for the cafeteria railing, 13.9 for the water fountain, 8.41 for the locker combination, 14.0 for the biology room floor, and 9.68 for the hallway floor. As shown in Graph 1: The Average Counts of Colony, the average counts of colony were shown as following: 32.6 for staircase doorknob, 32.2 for biology room doorknob, 44.2 for bathroom sink, 28 for cafeteria table, 32.2 bathroom toilet, 15 for cafeteria railing, 30.6 for water fountain, 20.8 for locker combination, 24 for biology room floor, 15.8 for hallway floor. TABLE 1: THE COUNTS OF COLONY DEPEND ON THE LOCATIONS IN SCHOOL Descriptive Information Staircase doorknob Biology room doorknob Bathroom sink Cafeteria table Bathroom toilet Mean Standard Deviation Number 32.6 7.89 5 32.2 11.5 5 44.2 26.8 5 28.0 10.0 5 32.2 12.2 5 *Continue of the previous table due to lack of space Descriptive Information Cafeteria railing Water fountain Locker combination Biology room floor Hallway floor Mean Standard Deviation Number 15.0 8.63 5 30.6 13.9 5 20.8 8.41 5 24.0 14.0 5 15.8 9.68 5 Results of ANOVA *(This include both of the previous tables) Between groups F= 2.319 p0.01 (0.033) df= 49 CONCLUSIONS The purpose of this experiment was to test the colony counts of bacteria after growing them in the same amount of time. The alternative hypothesis that the colony counts of the bacteria would be slightly the same even though they were collected from different locations was rejected. The reason why the results did not support the alternative hypothesis was because the colony counts of the bacteria turned out to be very different. The highest number of colony found in one petri dish was 84 and the lowest was 6. Only 3 out of 10 group average were in the range of 30 to 35 and only one group average was higher than 40. These results above were not enough to support the alternative hypothesis. To support the alternative hypothesis 7 out of 10 groups had to have the average in the same range. The independent variable (the different locations that bacteria were collected from) had this effect on the dependent variable (colonies) was because it depended on how dirty the locations were. If on e location was extremely dirty like the bathroom sink or toilet, the more bacteria will be collected and the more colonies will grow. According to the literature review, bacteria would need at least 24 hours to be visible. The bacteria were ensured to be visible and develop as many colonies by leaving

Death and the Maiden essays

Death and the Maiden essays The play Death and the Maiden is set in the country of Chile in a time where the deep wounds of a tyrannical dictatorship were only beginning to heal. For seventeen years, Chile endured the iron-fisted rule of former army commander in chief, Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. By this time, however, the people of Chile were not at all unfamiliar with a corrupt government. The democracy that preceded Pinochets dictatorship was also wracked with controversy. Salvador Allende Gossens, a committed Marxist, was elected in 1970 by means of a democratic election; however, he only received 36.6% of the Chilean pubic vote. This was only the beginning of the governmental hullabaloo. As time progressed, Allendes government further lost its democratic character by having repeatedly violated the Chilean Constitution. In effect, Salvador Allendes government bordered on a dictatorship as he repeatedly broke his solemn oath to respect the Constitution and the Chilean laws. This was not only obvious to the majo rity of Chilean citizens, but also to the House of Deputies (the Lower House of the Chilean Congress) and the Chilean Supreme Court. In the momentous Agreement of 23 August 1973, two thirds of the House of Deputies voted to take action against Allende. Since no feasible mechanism existed in the Chilean Constitution to remove a President who had lost his democratic nature, the House of Deputies, with the support of all the representatives of the Christian Democratic Party, turned action over to the Armed Forces. This was, in fact, an unequivocal call to remove President Allende. The Armed Forces, led by Commander in Chief of the Army, General Augusto Pinochet, complied with the Agreement of the House of Deputies. Eighteen days later, on 11 September 1973, Pinochets forces successfully overthrew the government. Allende was found on a blood stained sofa with a bullet through his mouth. What the House did not foresee was that followin...

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The History of Fashion Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The History of Fashion Trends - Research Paper Example The essay "The History of Fashion Trends" analyzes the trends in the fashion history. Although, fashion has its roots since time immemorial, the history of fashion design is no older than the mid 19th century when Charles Fredrick Worth launched his first fashion house in Paris. Ever since, the concept of fashion designers has dominated the fashion world. Throughout 20th century, almost all of the high end fashion spread from Paris and London. The boundary between haute-couture and daily wear garments was not strictly defined. At the onset of this century, the concept of fashion photography emerged as did fashion magazines (Jones). Every century and perhaps decade is marked with changes in fashion trends. A major breakthrough in women’s fashion came in 1920’s with the introduction of flapper styles with emphasis on slack clothes and shorter skirts with temporary revivals of long skirts. By the start of 1930’s a large part of western world faced the effects of the Great Depression and haute couture became less popular. The focus shifted from the more romantic haute couture line (marked by a revival of waist lines along with a bust outline, longer hems, and skin-tight evening gowns) to everyday, utility wear . The 1940’s, being years of war, were marked by the production of uniforms, whereas the 1950’s saw the return of fashion with changes in haute-couture. The end of the 20th century was characterized by globalization of the fashion industry with fashion centers emerging all over the world.... The history of fashion has witnessed two popular fashion movements and trends namely The New Romantic and the Punks. It is worth contrasting the two movements in order to gain a deeper insight into these two highly popular trends. The late 1970’s and early 1980’s were marked by the onset of the New Romantic movement characterized by new trends in fashion and music in U.K (Riello and McNeil). The movement is originally marked by the new wave music and has survived to date with few alterations. Friday and Saturday nights were no longer the most celebrated with music; rather, Tuesdays also received special attention when the club â€Å"Gossips† introduced Bowie nights on this day (Riello and McNeil). The trendsetters in Punk fashion include Vivienne Westwood, Jean Paul Gaultier wardrobe worn by bands such as The Exploited (Jones). Flannel shirts printed with political slogans and band names became a popular practice during the 1980’s (Jones). Leather jackets and denim vests were studded painted and tailor made and replaced the earlier practice of tailor made blazers (Jones). Female punks typically entailed shaving the entire head except for a strand in the front (Jones). Perhaps the most prominent recognition of this era was given by the onset of spiked or apparently electrified hair with flamboyant colors and streaks. The main distinction between the New Romantics and its predecessor (the Punk) then became focus on glamour and looking good in the latter, a reflection of softer, more fragile, self-conscious attitudes contrary to the violent, anarchic and crude culture portrayed by Punks. The New Romantics came to be known for their anti-Punk attitudes as they replaced sloppiness with

Investigate whether financial conservative policies depend on Dissertation

Investigate whether financial conservative policies depend on financial distress - Dissertation Example The literature review will look at work already done in the area and this along with an analysis of data will be used to arrive at a conclusion. The paper also describes the research methodology that will be used in carrying out the study. Theoretical Framework Central to this investigation is to define trade off and pecking order theories and the terms financial conservatism, financial distress and leverage. A sample of firms that adopts conservative policies as it relates to high levels of cash holdings and low levels of leverage will be identified and data relating to financial conservatism will be analysed. Trade-off theory predicts that when firms face high expected cost of financial distress and/ or attach a rather low value to interest tax shields, then, they will seek to employ conservative financial policies (Minton and Wruck 2001). Pecking order theory predicts that firms use external financing only when internal funds are insufficient to support discretionary expenditures. When internal funds fall short, managers look first to debt financing and only as a last resort do they turn to using equity financing (Myers 1984). Definitions Financial conservatism For the purpose of this study financial conservatism is defined as a persistent financial policy of low leverage and high cash holdings. Financial distress Financial distress is the inability to generate revenue when there are too many debts. Literature Review Iona (2004) Berger et al (1997) suggests that managers tend to make more conservative capital structure decisions when are given the power to use their discretion and are therefore free from disciplinary and monitoring mechanisms. The main motives behind the choice of conservative leverage policies are to reduce the probability of financial distress and bankruptcy and to resist disciplinary actions. Mackie-Mason (1990) used the modified Altman’s (1968) Z-Score to test for the likelihood that a firm will experience financial distress. Simi larly, Helwege and Liang 1996; and Graham (2000) have used this variable in their capital structure studies. They have found the Z-Score coefficient to be consistently positive and significant. This therefore, indicates that financially conservative firms are less likely to face financial distress. Myers (1984) suggests that a firm may seek to maintain slack in the form of reserve borrowing power and target a level of borrowing that lies below its debt capacity. In doing so, the firm can issue safe debt if it needs to avoid any material costs of financial distress. Titman (1984) and Graham (2000) identified industries in which firms are likely to experience significant costs of financial distress. The suggestion is that sensitivity distress results from high levels of on-going relationships with customers which results from warranties, repairs and upgrades associated with the sale of goods in the computer industry, specialty manufacturing industry, the retail industry and the pharma ceutical/biotechnology firms. Minton and Wruck (2001) indicates that three (3) of the four (4) industry classification mentioned above are associated significantly with the probability of being financially conservative. Retail firms are less likely to follow policies of low leverage possibly because of the thinking that real estate serves as good collateral for borrowing purposes. Iona (2004) also

Measuring Test Quality in Embedded Systems Research Paper

Measuring Test Quality in Embedded Systems - Research Paper Example This situation has called for the development of better testing methods that can be used to overcome the mentioned above setbacks experienced by the traditional embedded systems through offering the exact test quality information even in situations where the measuring and testing processes are carried out when the application under investigation is being run in an embedded target board (Conrad 78)Some malfunction software have been introduced as the quality problem culprit in the products of embedded systems. Software testing has therefore received more focus in the recent years and is commonly being used as a means adapted by companies to produce products that are of high quality within the desired time duration to their customers. The traditional systems that made use of manual methods for testing software have been unable to keep up with the rapid increasing code amounts in the contemporary implementation of products. Thus better systems to ensure that the tests conducted are effi ciently executed and the tests actions are reported, monitored and analyzed in better ways so as to keep up with the pace of modern requirements are needed (Grchtmann 27).Most of the programs used these days in embedded systems produce codes that are needlessly complex. While such released codes might still be functional, they are normally more complicated than they are required to be. Codes that are complicated tend to transform and become codes that are problem-riddled. Most technicians believe that in an event.

Iraq and Kuwait relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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